v express in words
v report or maintain
v express a supposition
v have or contain a certain wording or form
v give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority
v speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way
v communicate or express nonverbally
v utter aloud
v state as one's opinion or judgement; declare
v recite or repeat a fixed text
v indicate
s being the one previously mentioned or spoken of
a. 上述的
say的过去式和过去分词